By using slice() method :
let s = "12:40:22AM";
let indexPosition = s.length - 2;
let result = s.slice(0, indexPosition) + " " + s.slice(indexPosition);
console.log(result);
// 12:40:22 AM (space is added before AM)
Explanation :
1. s = "12:40:22AM"
2. indexPosition = 10 - 2 = 8
3. result = 12:40:22 + " " + AM = 12:40:22 AM